NgoLwesithathu oluzayo, ngoNovemba 24, itheyibhile ejikelezileyo yamva nje yokuqhuba kwikamva iya kuxoxa malunga nokuba ikamva lemveliso yebhetri yaseCanada inokubonakala njani. Nokuba unethemba-ukholelwa ngokwenene ukuba zonke iimoto ziya kuba ngumbane ngo-2035-okanye ucinga ukuba asiyi kufikelela loo njongo ibhongo, iimoto ezisebenza ngebhetri ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekamva lethu. Ukuba iCanada ifuna ukuba yinxalenye yolu tshintsho lombane, kufuneka sifumane indlela yokuba ngumenzi okhokelayo weenkqubo zamandla emoto kwixesha elizayo. Ukubona ukuba ikamva lijongeka njani, jonga itheyibhile yamva nje yokwenziwa kwebhetri yethu eCanada ngolwesiThathu ngo-11:00 am ngexesha laseMpuma.
Ulibale ngeebhetri zelizwe eliqinileyo. Okufanayo kuya kuyo yonke i-hype malunga ne-silicon anodes. Nditsho nebhetri yomoya yealuminiyam engahlawuliswayo ekhaya ayinako ukushukumisa ihlabathi lezithuthi zombane.
Yintoni ibhetri yolwakhiwo? Ewe, lo ngumbuzo olungileyo. Ngethamsanqa kum, ngubani ongafuniyo ukuzenza ngathi andinabo ubuchwephesha bobunjineli, impendulo ilula. Iimoto zombane zangoku zinikwa amandla ziibhetri ezifakwe kwimoto. Owu, sifumene indlela entsha yokufihla umgangatho wabo, oko kukwakha zonke iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kumgangatho we-chassis, ukudala iqonga "lokutyibilika" ngoku lifana noyilo lwe-EV. Kodwa basahlukene nemoto. I-add-on, ukuba uyathanda.
Iibhetri zolwakhiwo zibhukuqa le paradigm ngokwenza yonke i-chassis eyenziwe ngeeseli zebhetri. Kwixesha elizayo elibonakala liphupha, kungekhona nje umgangatho othwele umthwalo oya kuba-kunokuba uqulethe-iibhetri, kodwa iindawo ezithile zomzimba-A-iintsika, uphahla, kwaye, njengoko iziko lophando libonisile, kunokwenzeka , Igumbi lokucoca umoya-elingenazo iibhetri kuphela, kodwa lenziwe ziibhetri. Ngokwamazwi kaMarshall McLuhan omkhulu, imoto ibhetri.
Ewe, nangona iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zanamhlanje zikhangeleka ziphezulu, zinzima. Ubuninzi bamandla e-lithium ion buncinci kakhulu kunepetroli, ngoko ke ukufezekisa uluhlu olufanayo njengezithuthi ze-fossil, iibhetri kwii-EV zanamhlanje zikhulu kakhulu. Kukhulu kakhulu.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, zinzima. Njengobunzima "kwimithwalo ebanzi". Ifomula esisiseko esetyenziswayo ngoku ukubala ukuxinana kwamandla ebhetri kukuba ikhilogram nganye ye-lithium ion inokuvelisa malunga neeyure ezingama-250 zombane. Okanye kwihlabathi lesifinyezo, iinjineli zikhetha, 250 Wh/kg.
Yenza izibalo ezincinci, ibhetri ye-100 kWh ifana neTesla efakwe kwi-Model S ibhetri, oku kuthetha ukuba naphi na apho uya khona, uya kutsala malunga ne-400 kg yebhetri. Esi sesona sicelo silungileyo nesisebenzayo. Kuthi thina bangenamsebenzi, kungachaneka ngakumbi ukuqikelela ukuba ibhetri ye-100 kWh inobunzima obumalunga ne-1,000 leeponti. Njengesiqingatha seetoni.
Ngoku khawufane ucinge into efana ne-Hummer SUT entsha, ebanga ukuba inamandla ebhodi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-213 kWh. Nokuba umntu jikelele ufumana impumelelo ethile ekusebenzeni kakuhle, i-Hummer ephezulu isarhuqa malunga netoni yeebhetri. Ewe, iya kuqhubela phambili, kodwa ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zibonelelo ezongezelelweyo, ukunyuka koluhlu aluhambelani nokuphindaphinda kwebhetri. Ewe, ilori yayo kufuneka ibe nenjini enamandla ngakumbi - oko kukuthi, engasebenzi kakuhle-injini yokutshatisa. Ukusebenza kwekhaphukhaphu, iindlela ezimfutshane zoluhlu. Njengoko yonke injineli yeemoto (nokuba yeyesantya okanye uqoqosho lwamafutha) iya kukuxelela, ubunzima lutshaba.
Yilapho ibhetri yesakhiwo ingena khona. Ngokwakha iimoto kwiibhetri endaweni yokuzongeza kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo, ubuninzi bobunzima obongezelelweyo bunyamalala. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile—oko kukuthi, xa zonke izinto zolwakhiwo ziguqulwa zibe ziibhetri—ukwandisa uhambo lokuhamba ngenqwelo-mafutha kukhokelela ekubeni phantse kungabikho bunzima bomzimba.
Njengoko unokulindela-kuba ndiyazi ukuba uhleli apho ucinga "Onjani umbono omkhulu!"-kukho imiqobo kwesi sisombululo sikrelekrele. Eyokuqala kukwazi ukukwazi ukwenza iibhetri ezivela kwizinto ezingasetyenziselwa kuphela njenge-anodes kunye ne-cathodes kuyo nayiphi na ibhetri esisiseko, kodwa kwaye inamandla ngokwaneleyo-kwaye ilula kakhulu! -Isakhiwo esinokuxhasa imoto yeetoni ezimbini kunye nabakhweli bayo, kwaye kunethemba lokuba iya kukhuseleka.
Akumangalisi ukuba amacandelo amabini aphambili ebhetri yesakhiwo esinamandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku eyenziwe yiChalmers University of Technology kwaye ityalwe yi-KTH Royal Institute of Technology, iiyunivesithi ezimbini zobunjineli ezidumileyo zaseSweden-ziyi-carbon fiber kunye ne-aluminium. Ngokusisiseko, i-carbon fiber isetyenziswa njenge-electrode engalunganga; i-electrode efanelekileyo isebenzisa i-lithium iron phosphate coated aluminium foil. Ekubeni i-carbon fiber nayo iqhuba ii-electron, akukho mfuneko yesilivere enzima kunye nobhedu. I-cathode kunye ne-anode zigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo nge-glass fiber matrix equlethe i-electrolyte, ngoko ke ayithuthi kuphela i-lithium ion phakathi kwe-electrodes, kodwa ihambisa umthwalo wesakhiwo phakathi kwezi zibini. Umbane oqhelekileyo weseli nganye yebhetri yi-2.8 volts, kwaye njengazo zonke iibhetri zemoto zombane zangoku, zinokudibaniswa ukuvelisa i-400V okanye i-800V eqhelekileyo kwizithuthi zombane zemihla ngemihla.
Nangona oku kukutsiba okucacileyo, kwa ezi seli zikumgangatho ophezulu azikakulungeli ixesha eliphambili kwaphela. Ubuninzi babo bamandla buyinto engabalulekanga ye-25 watt-iiyure ngekhilogram, kwaye ukuqina kwabo kwesakhiwo yi-25 gigapascals (GPa), eyomeleleyo nje kancinci kunefiber yeglasi yefreyimu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso-mali evela kwi-Swedish National Space Agency, inguqulelo yamva nje ngoku isebenzisa i-carbon fiber endaweni ye-aluminium foil electrode, apho abaphandi bathi banokuqina kunye nobuninzi bamandla. Ngapha koko, ezi bhetri zekhabhoni/carbon zamva nje kulindeleke ukuba zivelise ukuya kuthi ga kwiiwatts ezingama-75 zombane ngekhilogram nganye kunye nemodyuli yoMncinci ye75 GPa. Oku kuxinana kwamandla kusengasemva kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kodwa ukuqina kwayo ngoku kubhetele kune-aluminiyam. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhetri ye-chassis ye-chassis yemoto yombane eyenziwe ngezi bhetri inokuba yomelele njengebhetri eyenziwe nge-aluminium, kodwa ubunzima buya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kwezi bhetri zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu phantse ngokuqinisekileyo kubathengi be-elektroniki. Unjingalwazi weChalmers uLeif Asp uthe: “Kwiminyaka embalwa, kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukwenza i-smartphone, ilaptop okanye ibhayisekile yombane enesiqingatha sobunzima banamhlanje kwaye inxinana ngakumbi.” Noko ke, njengoko umntu owayephethe lo msebenzi wabonisayo, “Ngokwenene sisikelwe umda kuphela yintelekelelo yethu apha.”
Ibhetri ayikho kuphela isiseko sezithuthi zombane zanamhlanje, kodwa kunye nekhonkco layo elibuthathaka. Nolona qikelelo luthembayo lunokubona kabini kuphela ubuninzi bamandla obukhoyo. Kuthekani ukuba sifuna ukufumana uluhlu olumangalisayo esiluthembisileyo sonke - kwaye kubonakala ngathi umntu ngeveki uthembisa i-1,000 yeekhilomitha ngentlawulo? — Kuya kufuneka senze ngcono kunokongeza iibhetri ezimotweni: kuya kufuneka senze iimoto ngeebhetri.
Iingcali zithi ukulungiswa okwethutyana kwezinye iindlela ezonakeleyo, kuquka uhola wendlela waseCoquihalla, kuya kuthatha iinyanga ezininzi.
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