Izazinzulu zivavanya iimfuno zemihla ngemihla ukufumana awona manyathelo okukhusela kwi-coronavirus. Imiqamelo, iipajama zeflaneli kunye neengxowa ze-origami vacuum bonke bangabaviwa.
Amagosa ezempilo e-Federal ngoku ancoma ukusebenzisa ilaphu ukuvala ubuso ngexesha lobhubhani we-coronavirus. Kodwa sisiphi isixhobo esisikhusela kakhulu?
Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo akhuphe iipateni zemaski ezingenamthungo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa iitshefu kunye nezihluzo zekofu, kunye neevidiyo malunga nokwenza iimaski usebenzisa iibhanti zerabha kunye namalaphu asongekileyo afunyenwe ekhaya.
Nangona isigqubuthelo sobuso esilula sinokunciphisa ukusasazeka kwe-coronavirus ngokuthintela iibhaktheriya zangaphandle ezibangelwa kukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla komntu owosulelekileyo, iingcali zithi indlela iimaski zasekhaya ezinokukhusela ngayo umntu ozinxibileyo kwiibhaktheriya zixhomekeke ekufaneleka kwemveliso ngesondo kunye nomgangatho. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
Izazinzulu kulo lonke ilizwe zizimisele ukuchonga imathiriyeli yemihla ngemihla enokucoca ngcono amasuntswana amancinci. Kuvavanyo lwamva nje, izihluzi zesitovu se-HEPA, iingxowa zokucoca, ii-pillowcases ezingama-600 kunye namalaphu afana neepijama zeflaneli amanqaku aphezulu. Izihluzi zekofu ezipakishwe amanqaku aphakathi. Isikhafu kunye nezixhobo zetshefu zafumana awona aphantsi, kodwa zisabambe inani elincinci lamasuntswana.
Ukuba awunayo nayiphi na imathiriyeli evavanyiweyo, uvavanyo olulula lokukhanya lunokukunceda ubone ukuba ilaphu lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lweemaski.
UGqr. Scott Segal, usihlalo we-anesthesiology kwi-Wake Forest Baptist Health, uthe: "Yibeke phantsi kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo," kutshanje uye wafunda iimaski ezenziwe ekhaya. "Ukuba ukukhanya kudlula kwifayibha ngokulula kwaye ungaphantse ubone ifayibha, ayililo ilaphu lilungileyo. Ukuba ulukwe ngelaphu elingqindilili kwaye ukukhanya akudluli kangako, yiloo nto ufuna ukuyisebenzisa.”
Abaphandi bathi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uphando lwelabhoratri lwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezigqibeleleyo ngaphandle kokuvuza okanye izikhewu kwimaski, kodwa indlela yovavanyo isinika indlela yokuthelekisa imathiriyeli. Nangona inqanaba lokuhluza ezinye iimaski zasekhaya libonakala lisezantsi, uninzi lwethu (ukuhlala ekhaya kunye nokuhamba kwindawo kawonke-wonke) alifuni inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko labasebenzi bezonyango. Okona kubaluleke nangakumbi, nasiphi na imaski yobuso ibhetele kunokungabi nayo imaski yobuso, ngakumbi ukuba umntu osulelwe yintsholongwane kodwa engayazi intsholongwane uyinxiba.
Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ekukhetheni imaski eyenziwe ngokwayo kukufumana ilaphu elishinyene ngokwaneleyo ukuba libambe amasuntswana entsholongwane, kodwa liphefumla kwaye lanele ukunxiba. Ezinye izinto ezikhutshwe kwi-Intanethi zinamanqaku aphezulu okuhluza, kodwa ezi zinto aziyi kuphelelwa.
Wang Wang, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kubunjineli bokusingqongileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseMissouri yeSayensi neTekhnoloji, wasebenza nabafundi bakhe abaphumeleleyo kwiintlanganisela ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli ye-multilayer, kuquka izihluzi zomoya kunye namalaphu. UGqr. Wang wathi: “Ufuna into ekwaziyo ukukhupha amasuntswana, kodwa kufuneka uphefumle.” UGqr. Wang uphumelele iMbasa yoPhando lweAerosol yeHlabathi kwikwindla yokugqibela.
Ukuze kuvavanywe izixhobo zemihla ngemihla, izazinzulu zisebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iimaski zonyango, kwaye wonke umntu uyavuma ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango abavezwe ngamayeza aphezulu entsholongwane ngenxa yokutyelela abantu abosulelekileyo kufuneka bakhululwe kwiindleko. Ezona maski zonyango zibizwa ngokuba zii-N95 zerhasi imaski-zihluza ubuncinci iipesenti ezingama-95 zamasuntswana amancinci njenge-0.3 microns. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imaski eqhelekileyo yotyando (eyenziwe kusetyenziswa ilaphu elicekethekileyo elinguxande elinamacici alastiki) inokusebenza kakuhle kokucoca i-60% ukuya kwi-80%.
Iqela likaGqr Wang livavanye iindidi ezimbini zezihluzi zomoya. Isihluzo se-HVAC esehlisa i-allergies sisebenza kakuhle, kunye nomaleko omnye ubamba i-89% yamasuntswana kunye nemigangatho emibini ebamba i-94% yamasuntswana. Isihluzi somlilo sithatha i-75% yamanzi kwimigangatho emibini, kodwa kuthatha iileya ezintandathu ukufikelela kwi-95%. Ukufumana isihluzo esifana neso sivavanyiweyo, jonga ubuncinci bexabiso lokunika ingxelo (MERV) lika-12 okanye ngaphezulu, okanye umlinganiselo wokusebenza we-1900 okanye ngaphezulu.
Ingxaki ngezihluzi zomoya kukuba zinokuwisa imicu emincinane enokuphefumla ngokuyingozi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa isihluzi, kufuneka udibanise isihluzo phakathi kwamaleko amabini welaphu lomqhaphu. UGqr. Wang wathi omnye wabafundi bakhe abaphumeleleyo wenze eyakhe imaski ngokwemiyalelo ekwividiyo yeCDC, kodwa wongeza iileya ezininzi zezinto zokucoca kwisikhafu esisikwere.
Iqela likaGqr. Wang likwafumanise ukuba xa kusetyenziswa amalaphu athile asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, amalaphu amabini anika ukhuseleko oluncinane kunesine. Icala lomqamelo elinemisonto engama-600 lingabamba kuphela i-22% yamasuntswana xa liphindwe kabini, kodwa iileya ezine zinokubamba phantse i-60% yamasuntswana. Isikhafu soboya esishinyeneyo sihluza ama-21% amasuntswana kumaleko amabini kunye ne-48.8% yamasuntswana kwimigangatho emine. I-100% yetshefu yomqhaphu yenza eyona nto imbi kakhulu, ibalelwa kwi-18.2% kuphela xa iphindwe kabini, kunye ne-19.5% kuphela kwiileya ezine.
Iqela likwavavanye iBrew Rite kunye nezihluzo zekofu yebhaskithi yeNatural Brew. Xa izihluzi zekofu zifakwe kwimigangatho emithathu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca yi-40% ukuya kwi-50%, kodwa ukunyanzeliswa komoya wabo kuphantsi kunezinye iinketho.
Ukuba unethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba uqaphele i-quilt, bacele ukuba bakwenzele imaski. Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwi-Wake Forest Regenerative Medicine Institute eWinston Salem, eNorth Carolina, lubonise ukuba iimaski zasekhaya ezenziwe kusetyenziswa ilaphu elithungiweyo zisebenza kakuhle. UGqr. Segal we-Wake Forest Baptist Sanitation, ophethe olu phando, wabonisa ukuba ii-quilts zivame ukusebenzisa umgangatho ophezulu, i-cotton ephezulu. Kuphando lwakhe, ezona maski zenziwe ekhaya zilungile njengeemaski zotyando, okanye zingcono kancinci, kwaye uluhlu oluvavanyiweyo lokuhluza luyi-70% ukuya kuma-79%. UGqr. Segal uthe izinga lokuhluzwa kweemaski ezenziwe ekhaya kusetyenziswa amalaphu anokutsha lisezantsi nge-1%.
Olona yilo lusebenza kakuhle ziimaski ezenziwe ngamaleko amabini omgangatho ophezulu we “quilt cotton” wobunzima obuphezulu, iimaski ezinomaleko-mbini ezenziwe ngelaphu elishinyeneyo lebatik, kunye namaleko angaphakathi eflaneli kunye namaleko angaphandle. Imaski ephindwe kabini. umqhaphu.
UBonnie Browning, umlawuli olawulayo we-American Sewing Manufacturers Association, wathi amalaphu akhetha umqhaphu olukwe ngokuqinileyo kunye namalaphu ebatik, aya kuma ekuhambeni kwexesha. UNksz Browning uthe uninzi koomatshini bokuthunga banokuphatha kuphela iileya ezimbini zelaphu xa besenza iimaski ezicekethekileyo, kodwa abantu abafuna imigangatho emine yokhuseleko banokunxiba iimaski ezimbini ngexesha.
UNksz Browning uthe kutshanje uye wadibana ne-quilt kuFacebook kwaye weva amazwi abantu abangama-71, abenze malunga ne-15,000 yemaski bebonke. UNksz Browning, ohlala ePaducah, eKentucky, wathi: “Oomatshini bethu bokuthunga bantsonkothe ​​gqitha.” Enye into uninzi lwethu olunayo kukufihla amalaphu.
Abo bangabathungiyo banokuzama imaski ye-origami esongiweyo eyenziwe nguJiang Wu Wu, unjingalwazi oncedisayo woyilo lwangaphakathi kwiYunivesithi yase-Indiana. UNks. Wu waziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo wokusonga. Wathi oko umntakwabo ecebise eHong Kong (ehlala enxibe imask), waqala ukuyila uhlobo lokusonga ngezinto zonyango kunye nezokwakha ezibizwa ngokuba yiTyvek kunye nebhegi yokufunxa. Iimaski. yona. (UDuPont, umenzi weTyvek, uthe kwingxelo ethi iTyvek yenzelwe iimpahla zonyango kunokuba iimaski.) Ipateni ye-mask esongelayo ifumaneka kwi-intanethi mahhala, kwaye ividiyo ibonisa inkqubo yokugoqa. Kwiimvavanyo eziqhutywe yiYunivesithi yaseMissouri kunye neYunivesithi yaseVirginia, izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba isikhwama se-vacuum sasusa i-60% ukuya kwi-87% yamasuntswana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iibhegi ze-vacuum zinokuba ne-fiberglass okanye kunzima ukuphefumla kunezinye izinto, ngoko ke akufanele zisetyenziswe. UNksz Wu usebenzise ibhegi evela kwi-EnviroCare Technologies. Inkampani yathi ayisebenzisi ifayibha yeglasi kwiingxowa zayo zephepha kunye neengxowa zefayibha zokwenziwa.
UNksz Wu uthe: “Ndifuna ukwenza ukhetho lwabantu abangathungiyo,” utshilo. Uthetha namaqela ahlukeneyo ukufumana ezinye izixhobo ezisebenzayo ekusongeni iimaski. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwanengxowa yokufunxa isenokuphela.
Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo obusetyenziswa zizazinzulu eziqhuba uvavanyo yi-0.3 ye-microns kuba lo ngumgangatho womlinganiselo osetyenziswa liZiko leSizwe loKhuseleko loMsebenzi kunye neMpilo kwiimaski zonyango.
U-Linsey Marr, isazi se-aerosol kwi-Virginia Tech kunye nengcali yokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, wathi indlela yokuqinisekisa i-respirators kunye ne-HEPA filters igxile kwi-microns eyi-0.3, kuba amaqhekeza alo bukhulu anzima kakhulu ukubamba. Uthe nangona isenokubonakala iphikisana, amasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-0.1 micron alula ukuwabamba kuba anentshukumo eninzi engacwangciswanga ebenza babethe imicu yokucoca.
"Nokuba i-coronavirus imalunga ne-0.1 microns, iya kudada ngobungakanani obahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-0.2 ukuya kumakhulu aliqela. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu bayayikhulula intsholongwane kumathontsi okuphefumla, nawo anetyuwa eninzi. Iiprotheyini nezinye izinto,” uGqr. Marr, nokuba amanzi akumathontsi aphuphuma ngokupheleleyo, kusekho ityuwa eninzi, kwaye iiproteni nezinye iintsalela zihlala zikwimo yezinto eziqinileyo okanye ezifana nejeli. Ndicinga ukuba ii-microns ze-0.3 ziseluncedo kwisikhokelo kuba ubuncinci bokuhluza ukusebenza kakuhle kuya kuba malunga nobu bukhulu, yiloo nto i-NIOSH isebenzisa. ”